ENGLISH II ASSIGNMENT
MIDWIFERY MANAGEMENT IN
CEPHALOPELVIC DISPROPORTION
CEPHALOPELVIC DISPROPORTION
Members of Group:
Ajeng Lyla Aisyiatul Kumala (011311223005)
Irma Sari Fitriana (011311223014)
Bintari Tri Anggraeni (011311223019)
Ginna Pratiwi Putri (011311223022)
Ridya Nurul Ridha (011311223026)
Yulia Pramita Riska (011311223049)
BACHELOR DEGREE OF MIDWIFERY
FACULTY OF MEDICINE - AIRLANGGA UNIVERSITY
SURABAYA
2013
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
All praises to
Allah SWT who has given us his blessing so that we are able to finish this paper as well as possible. Peace and salutation be upon
to our prophet Muhammad SAW, the greatest man in this earth.
This paper contains about Midwifery Management in
Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD). The purpose of arranging this paper is not only to fulfill English II assignment, but also to increase the
writers’ and readers’ knowledge about the midwifery management in CPD for preventing
the complication and minimizing the risk by do early screening and predict CPD
possibility.
We also would like to express our
deep and sincere gratitude to Mrs. Nuzul Qur’aniati, S.Kep.
Ns. M.Ng. as English II lecturer, who has guided us in writing
this study.
We expect criticism and suggestions in order to improve the next papers arrangement. Hopefully, this paper can provide greater insight to the reader and can benefit for all of us.
Surabaya, December 2013
Writers
ABREVIATION
CPD Cephalopelvic
Disproportion
WHO World Health
Organization
SEAR WHO South-East
Asia Region
MMR Maternal Mortality
Rate
UNDP United Nations
Development Programme
UNFPA United Nations
Population Fund for Population Activities
ACOG American Colleges
of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
KSPR Kartu Skor Pudji
Rochyati
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABREVIATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Problem Formulation
1.3 Purpose of the Study
CHAPTER 2 DISCUSSION
2.1 Definition of Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD)
2.2 Etiologies of CPD
2.3 Pathophysiology of CPD
2.4 Signs and symptoms
2.5 Diagnosis of CPD
2.6 Labor pattern of CPD
2.7 Prognosis of CPD
2.8 Midwifery Management in CPD
CHAPTER 3 CLOSING
3.1 Conclusion
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
In accordance with the MDG’s 2015, maternal mortality
rate will have decrease to 102 per 100,000. Based on World Health Statistics
2012, Indonesia ranked seventh in SEAR maternal mortality rate which is 220 per
100,000 birth. Indonesia major medical cause of maternal death are haemorrhage
(28%), eclampsia (13%), sepsis (10%), unsafe abortion (11%) and prolonged labor
(8%), posted by UNDP. Varney said CPD is most common causes of prolonged labor.
Thus, CPD may takes responsibility for the height of maternal mortality rate in
Indonesia.
An unintervented CPD can carried the mother and infant
at high risk such as dysfunctional uterine contraction, fluid and electrolyte
imbalance, exhaustion, hypoglycemia, infection, uterine rupture, huge
lacerations, fractured sacrum or coccygx and postpartum hemorrhage for the
mother. Risks to the fetus are traumatic birth injuries, hypoxia, asphyxia,
hypoglycemia, acidemia, and infection. At worst, death for the mother, baby or
both.
Some literally claims that c-section
is safest to deliver the baby when absolute CPD diagnosed (Sarwono P, 2010;
Hanifa W, 2010; Medforth, 2011). Tukur J (2011) wrote in WHO Reproductive
Health Library “symphisiotomy can be performed to facilitate baby deliver
vaginally indicate with CPD despite the evidence very rare and be controvercial.”
Symphisiotomy is the surgical separation of the fibres of the pubic symphysis. All
above explains CPD will lead mother and infant in dangerous situation and may
need surgical intervention. Incorrect treatments absolutely can’t be approved.
Midwives as a close-touchable health professional with society, must aware
first.
Based on the background, discuss more
about cephalopelvic disproportion are needed by midwifery students in order to
find out more detail especially about midwifery management in CPD for preventing
the complication and minimizing the risk by do early screening and predict CPD.
1.2 Problem Formulation
Related to the background of the study, there are some
problems that may arise. The writer identifies the problems as follows:
1.
What is the definition of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)?
2.
What are the etiologies of CPD?
3.
How is the pathophysiology of CPD?
4.
What are signs and symptoms of CPD?
5.
How to diagnose CPD?
6.
What are the labor pattern of pregnant women with CPD?
7.
What are the prognosis of CPD?
8.
How is midwifery management in CPD?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
Related to the problem formulation, it can be determined some purposes of this study, as follows:
1.
Explain the definition of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD).
2.
Explain the etiologies of CPD.
3.
Explain the pathophysiology of CPD.
4.
Explain signs and symptoms of CPD.
5.
Explain how to diagnose CPD.
6.
Explain the labor pattern of pregnant women with CPD.
7.
Explain the prognosis of CPD.
Explain midwifery management in CPD.
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